Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Who let the dogs out?: detrimental role of Galectin-3 in hypoperfusion-induced retinal degeneration

doi: 10.1186/s12974-015-0312-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hematoxylin and eosin staining of retinal sections. (A) WT control animals reveal clearly defined nuclear and plexiform layers. (B) WT hypo mouse retinas reveal thin and highly disorganized cell and plexiform layers with numerous pyknotic cells (arrow).The ganglion cell layer appear thin and is populated by small cell bodies. The smaller picture shows a central section of a WT hypo specimen with almost no survival. (C) KO control mice display clearly defined nuclear and plexiform layers. (D) Hypoperfused Gal-3 knockout mouse retinas (KO hypo) show a clearly laminated architecture with well populated cell layers. Scale bar = 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Three-dimensional image of an activated microglial cell with Galectin-3 labeled inclusions in a wild type hypoperfused retina.

Techniques: Staining, Control, Knock-Out

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Who let the dogs out?: detrimental role of Galectin-3 in hypoperfusion-induced retinal degeneration

doi: 10.1186/s12974-015-0312-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical labeling of photoreceptor cells. (A) Recoverin-labeled WT control retinas reveal labeling of outer segment at the outer border of the retina, as well as weaker labeling of inner segments and photoreceptor cell bodies. (B) Rhodopsin labeling of WT control animals shows inner and outer segments as well as photoreceptor cell bodies in the ONL. (C) WT hypo retinas display recoverin labeling of disorganized inner and outer segments as well as labeling of photoreceptor cell bodies. (D) WT hypo specimens display strong rhodopsin labeling of outer segments and labeling of inner segments and photoreceptor cell bodies. The specimens show a disorganized appearance as well as displaced rhodopsin expression to cell bodies in the outer nuclear layer (arrows). (E) KO control retinas reveal recoverin labeling of inner and outer segments as well as photoreceptor cell bodies. (F) Rhodopsin labeling of KO control animals shows strong labeling of inner and outer segments and weaker labeling of photoreceptor cell bodies. (G) Recoverin-labeled KO hypoperfused retinas display labeling of inner and outer segments as well as photoreceptor cell bodies. (H) KO hypo mice reveal very strong labeling of the outer segments and weaker labeling of inner segments. Some displacement of rhodopsin expression to cell bodies in the ONL is observed. Scale bar = 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Three-dimensional image of an activated microglial cell with Galectin-3 labeled inclusions in a wild type hypoperfused retina.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Labeling, Control, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Who let the dogs out?: detrimental role of Galectin-3 in hypoperfusion-induced retinal degeneration

doi: 10.1186/s12974-015-0312-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical labeling of activated Müller cells and astrocytes (GFAP) and Müller cell (GS). (A - D) GFAP. (E - H) GS. (A) WT control retinas show scattered astrocytes and Müller cell endfeet present at outer border of the specimens, as well as isolated Müller cell processes in the IPL. Isolated retinal vessels are labeled in the INL. (B) WT hypo specimens display strong labeling of hypertrophic Müller cell fibers spanning the entire vertical width of the retina. (C) KO control specimens display labeling of scattered astrocytes and Müller endfeet at the outer border of the specimens and isolated blood vessels in the inner layers. (D) KO hypo mice show a discontinuous band of labeled astrocytes and Müller endfeet at the inner border, as scattered retinal vessels in the inner layers. (E) WT control animals reveal strong GS labeling throughout the specimens. (F) In WT hypo mice, GS labeling is present throughout the whole retina. (G) KO control animals reveal strong GS labeling throughout the retina. (H) Hypoperfused KO mice display GS labeling throughout the retina. Scale bars = 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Three-dimensional image of an activated microglial cell with Galectin-3 labeled inclusions in a wild type hypoperfused retina.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Labeling, Control, Isolation

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Who let the dogs out?: detrimental role of Galectin-3 in hypoperfusion-induced retinal degeneration

doi: 10.1186/s12974-015-0312-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Statistical analysis of GFAP and GS labeling fluorescence intensity. (A) Fluorescence intensity of GFAP labeling measured by ImageJ. No significant difference is observed between WT controls, KO control, and KO hypo specimens. Hypoperfused wildtype animals show a significantly higher fluorescence intensity compared to KO hypo specimens as well as the corresponding controls ( P < 0.01; P < 0.05), respectively. Error bars SEM. (B) Fluorescence intensity of GS labeling measured by ImageJ. No significant difference in fluorescence intensity is found between WT control, KO control, and KO hypo specimens. Significantly lower fluorescence intensity is seen in hypoperfused wildtype retinas compared to the corresponding controls ( P < 0.05). Error bars SEM. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Three-dimensional image of an activated microglial cell with Galectin-3 labeled inclusions in a wild type hypoperfused retina.

Techniques: Labeling, Fluorescence, Control

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Who let the dogs out?: detrimental role of Galectin-3 in hypoperfusion-induced retinal degeneration

doi: 10.1186/s12974-015-0312-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical labeling of microglia and Gal3 expression. (A - D) Iba1. (E - H) Gal3. (A) Iba1-labeled WT control mice show scattered, ramified microglia present in the plexiform layers. (B) Hypoperfused WT animals display numerous microglia of both ramified and amobeoid morphology present throughout the retina, with isolated amobeoid cells in the outermost layers. (C) KO control retinas display ramified microglial cells in the plexiform layers. (D) A similar labeling pattern and cell morphology is seen in KO hypo mice. (E) WT control animals show no Gal-3 labeling. (F) Hypoperfused WT retinas show striated labeling spanning all nuclear layers with strongly labeled scattered structures in the inner layers. (G) KO control animals reveal no labeling of Gal-3. (H) Hypoperfused KO mice display no labeling of Gal-3. Scale bars = 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Three-dimensional image of an activated microglial cell with Galectin-3 labeled inclusions in a wild type hypoperfused retina.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Labeling, Expressing, Control, Isolation

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Who let the dogs out?: detrimental role of Galectin-3 in hypoperfusion-induced retinal degeneration

doi: 10.1186/s12974-015-0312-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Statistical analysis of Iba-1 and Gal3 labeling fluorescence intensity. (A) Fluorescence intensity of Iba-1 labeling measured by ImageJ. No significant difference between WT control, KO control, and KO hypo retinas. WT hypo animals show significantly higher fluorescence intensity compared to all other groups ( P < 0.001; P < 0.01; P < 0.01, respectively). Error bars SEM. (B) Fluorescence intensity of Gal-3 labeling measured by ImageJ. No significant difference between WT control, KO control, and KO hypo specimens. Hypoperfused wildtype animals reveal a significantly higher fluorescence intensity compared to all other groups ( P < 0.001 for all comparisons). Error bars SEM. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Three-dimensional image of an activated microglial cell with Galectin-3 labeled inclusions in a wild type hypoperfused retina.

Techniques: Labeling, Fluorescence, Control

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: Who let the dogs out?: detrimental role of Galectin-3 in hypoperfusion-induced retinal degeneration

doi: 10.1186/s12974-015-0312-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical labeling of Gal-3, with Müller cell markers GFAP and CRALBP, and DAPI; epifluorescent imaging and confocal imaging of WT hypoperfused retinas. (A) A confocal linescan z-stack image of a double labeling of Gal-3/CRALBP show Gal-3 labeling of large structures vertically spanning the inner layers (arrow), as well as scattered structures. No colocalized labeling of CRALBP and Gal-3 was found. (B) Confocal image of Gal-3/CRALBP double labeling displays no colocalization. Large, vertical Gal-3 positive structures are present (arrow). C ) Gal-3/GFAP double labeling reveals no colocalization. Scale bars = 50 μm.

Article Snippet: Three-dimensional image of an activated microglial cell with Galectin-3 labeled inclusions in a wild type hypoperfused retina.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Labeling, Imaging